Football History

Before foam and Kevlar dominated the gridiron, a far stranger form of protection reigned: the pneumatic pad. In the early 20th century, players donned inflatable armor, resembling futuristic gladiators more than athletes. This essay delves into the rise and fall of these curious contraptions, a chapter in football history that is both innovative and ultimately deflated.

Timothy P Brown has a geat post on this on Football Archaeology titled: Getting Pumped Up for Pneumatic Football Pads.

The story of air-filled helmets has an early tie to 1903 with a full-page ad for “Spalding’s Pneumatic Head Harness in Spalding's sponsored Football Rules Guide for that year.

Initially, the idea seemed revolutionary. Pneumatic pads boasted impressive shock absorption, reducing the thud of tackles and promising a new era of player safety. However, problems surfaced quickly. The cumbersome air bladders restricted movement, turning agile athletes into clunky robots. Leaks were frequent, leaving players feeling vulnerable and, ironically, deflated. The technology proved impractical, and by the 1940s, air had all but vanished from the playing field.

Despite their short-lived tenure, pneumatic pads hold a significant place in football history. They represent a bold, if misguided, attempt to address player safety, paving the way for future innovations like leather and foam padding.

Their comical appearance remains a quirky footnote in the sport's evolving narrative, reminding us that the quest for protection is often a bumpy, deflated one.

- Transcribed Conversation of Pumped Up Pneumatic Jel with Timothy Brown

Hello, my football friends; this is Darin Hayes of PigskinDispatch.com. Welcome once again to The Pig Pen, your portal to positive football history. And welcome to another edition where we get to talk to Timothy P. Brown of FootballArcheology.com about football from yesteryear and one of the famous tidbits that he's had out recently. Tim, welcome back to The Pig Pen.

Darin, thank you. Looking forward to chatting and getting pumped up. Yeah, like the old Saturday Live skit where they say, we're going to pump you up.

My worst German accent there. So I apologize for that. But yeah, your title is very fitting.

We're saying that because the title of your tidbit from back in August of this past year is getting pumped up for pneumatic football pads. A lot of P words in there, a lot of big words, and a lot of exciting stuff for equipment. So maybe you could tell us a little bit about that story.

Yeah, so this is one of those stories. Last week, we talked about what might have been with St. Louis U football, you know, had they continued playing or if things had gone differently back in the day. So this is kind of similar, but it's one of those things where for, I mean, this happens in all kinds of different product areas and industries, but you know, you kind of have to have this confluence of technology and inventiveness and engineering and manufacturing prowess and everything in order for a product to be successful. And so this is a story where the ideas were there well in advance of actually being fully implemented, but they just couldn't get it done to make it practical.

So, this is really about the first use of pneumatics. So, you know, like inflatable tires and things like that. You know, the first use of pneumatics in footballs was, it was an attempt to, they made like canvas and rubber covered thigh pads, and they'd blow them up, and then you'd insert them into your pants.

And, you know, at the time, most of the thigh pads were like bamboo and other kinds of reeds. You know, if you see somebody looking at the old pictures, you see all these tiny vertical slots. And so it was either that or like quilt material.

So, you know, they're trying to avoid what the, you know, Charlie horses and that kind of thing. So somebody had an idea of pumping up these little pads and using those. So they did that in the thigh pads.

And then there was also, there were also some attempts in the late 1890s to maybe apply it to helmets. And they weren't helmets at the time. And, you know, in my terminology, a helmet has to have some kind of hard protective cover or a crown.

Helmets initially were head harnesses, similar to wrestlers' headgear. So they tried to do that with foot helmets. It didn't really work, but they did use them in France for cyclists and the Tour de France.

And then it just goes, you know, kind of the pneumatic world goes dry as far as its application of football until the 1950s. And then you have the guy Cecil Cushman, who was the coach at the University of Redlands in California. And he was there for a long time, but he was an inventor throughout his time there.

He also got a patent in 1952 for this pneumatic lining for the inside of helmets. By then, helmets had plastic linings, so the idea made sense.

It never, you know, for whatever reason, I mean, it just didn't work. Maybe they just couldn't manufacture them. They weren't reliable enough when you did use them, something happened, but so they never took, took on or took off.

But Cushman is actually, besides being the coach there, he's best known for being the inventor of the strap on kicking tee or kicking shoe, kicking toe. So I've shown this in other tidbits, but I was trying to imagine what the strap on kicking key was. I'm like, yeah, yeah.

Sorry. I misspoke. So it's a kicking toe, but you know, I played long enough ago, you know, we still had straight-ahead kickers and, you know, we had an offensive in college.

We had an offensive tackle who would pull off his shoes, you know, somebody throw the kicking shoe to him, and then he'd, you know, put it on and try to kick the point of the field. Right. So, I mean, teams had done that forever.

So he invented this is basically a big solid block of rubber that fit around the cap of the shoe. And then it had a rubber strap on the other end that you put around your heel. It was actually, you know, pretty, pretty good invention.

But so anyways, that's what he's known for. So then it wasn't until like 1970s when both Rydell and Schutt came out with helmets that had an air bladder inside of them. So, you know, again, on the I'm old enough story, I had, you know, in grade school, I wore a suspension helmet in high school.

It was one of those white pad helmets in college. I thought it was like, geez, I'm in the big time now because we had an air bladder plus the white pads. It was like we almost could never get better than that.

So, you know, anyways, it just took until they had this idea in the 1890s for this pneumatic helmet. But it wasn't until the 1970s that it actually came to fruition. So I just, you know, again, it's just one of those where everything kind of had to fit together.

All the pieces had to come in place or come in, you know, come into place in order for it to work. But it did. And, you know, just one of those theory and practice kinds of things.

They had the theory; they didn't have the practice. Yeah. I'm glad you brought it up.

And because there's a lot of people that, you know, are football fans, but never played the game. Maybe you don't know, you know, you and I and our generation, we've seen a lot, like you've been saying, it's gone on the inside of a football helmet as well as the outside. The outside doesn't look like it's changed all that much, maybe some more aerodynamic, but the materials are much different.

And then, you know, the face masks are different, but the interior, like you say, the suspension or foam or air or, you know, God only knows what the foam pads that come out and you, you know, they kept falling out all the time, and you had all that going on. So, but some people don't appreciate that, the comfort that you have when you have this, you know, big plastic thing or whatever, the composite thing on your head, you know, you want to be comfortable because you have to, that's what you're using to look around and everything else, you know, your vision, everything's affected by it. So I'm glad when you bring up these things, and it shares it with everybody.

Yeah. Well, yeah. I mean, I've got a story that I could, well, I'm going to tell it anyway.

My kids think I'm nuts. When I was playing, I used to get the first few days of practice every year. I get these really severe headaches, which basically tells you I probably shouldn't have been playing football, but you know, it didn't matter. So, but so, I mean, it just, it was almost like disabling.

So what I would do, you know, once I got to college, I wanted, I didn't want that to happen. So I'd get the helmet before hand. And then during the last couple of weeks before practice started in the summer, I'd go in the basement before I'm going to ready to go to bed.

And I go pound my head on the floor to, you know, simulate getting this. This is starting to explain a lot about our relationship. And it's just like, I mean, I did that now for three years, but then I'd go to, I'd get a headache, and then I'd go to bed and sleep. But then, once I started practicing, it didn't bother me.

I know it's just idiotic, but it's just one of those funny things. So, part of it tells you the quality of helmets just probably wasn't that good. And then when I look at some of the helmets guys wore earlier on, I mean, you know, I mean, tackling has changed too.

And people don't hit in the same way now. I mean, people are much more forceful in some ways than they were back then. In other ways, less, cause, you know, you didn't, you're not taught to stick your helmet, you know, in a guy's chest anymore, but anyways.

Yeah. I have a whole new respect for you now, Tim. You were right up there with the guy from the Triangles movie—the Dayton Triangles movie is out—and the guy who was tackling the trees to get ready for the game.

I don't know if you saw the highlights of that. I think you were born maybe a couple of decades too late. You should have a different generation.

I actually did. I, I was a kid. You know, I didn't have a plastic, you know, everybody had those little youth plastic cups that were just, you know, they bought them at a dime store or something.

They were garbage load things. So like when we'd play like pickup games, kids would put those on. I didn't have one.

So I had my uncle's leather helmet from his high school playing days, which is sitting up there on the shelf. You can see it. Right.

But anyway, so I'd put that baby. So I needed to protect my noggins. Yeah.

I could remember. Don't feel too much of myself in this, uh, in this episode. Yeah.

I can remember the early seventies. I think all kids on Christmas day would get the shoulder pads, Jersey, and helmet from the Sears Roebuck catalog of their favorite team. Of course, I had a Terry Bradshaw and the Steelers helmet on, and we would all take them to school.

And then at recess, you'd go out in the playground and all the boys, you know, we'd have, you know, you have like 20 different teams, the representative. Still, we'd all be padded up and playing and, you know, doing stupid things that, you know, seven, eight-year-old kids are doing with football helmets on, but good, good fun, but no protection at all. You're right. It's a, just like a, I think it's a foam that was probably less dense than a sponge that we use today.

It was inside of those things. So, there is not very much protection there. But, uh, yeah, I had to order out of the Husky Boys select section of the Sears catalog.

So, I'm with you on that one. Yeah. Tim, you know, we, we appreciate you coming on and sharing, uh, like we said, some of these facets of, uh, the, the equipment and how that's changed the game because, you know, the comfort of the players are a big thing on how they perform.

And, uh, you know, it's these advancements in safety and everything, but they still have a long way to go. People were still getting hurt and getting concussions, and hopefully, you know, that'll get eliminated someday with the technology. But, uh, you have tidbits like this on different areas of football from modern times, all the way back to the beginning of football.

And yet you share on football, archeology.com and some other areas too. Maybe you could share some of those with the folks so they can join in. Yeah.

So really simple. If you're interested, um, just go to football, archeology.com. Um, you know, if you hit a site, you're offered multiple opportunities. I think maybe you're forced to, well, you're, you're offered the opportunity to subscribe.

So it's just provide your email. Then you'll get an email every night at seven o'clock Eastern, that offers a story of the day. Um, if you don't like that approach, then, um, you can just follow me on Twitter at football archeology, you know, under the name football archeology.

I'm also on threads, uh, under football archeology. So as well as on the, uh, Substack app. So whatever works for you, that's how to get, get there.

All right. Well, Tim, we appreciate you coming on and sharing us, uh, another great, uh, thought of how football was played in yesterdays and yesteryears. And, uh, we appreciate it.

And we will talk to you again next Tuesday.

Hey, we're good there. Thank you.

Transcribed by TurboScribe.ai.

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Set your TV calendar because when the University of Illinois hosts the University of Michigan on Saturday, October 19, 2024, it will look much like 1924 on campus. The Illini will be celebrating the 100th anniversary of their most famous gridiron alum, Red Grange, of the day the stalwart crossed the Wolverine goal line six times.

On October 18, 1924, Red tore it up early. In the opening quarter, he showcased his explosiveness, returning a kickoff 95 yards for a touchdown and ripping off three additional rushing scores of 66, 55, and 40 yards.

To commemorate the event, the Illini are getting all "dudded-up" in retro-looking uniforms resembling what Red and the boys wore a century ago. A special jersey with colors and even vertical stripes to simulate the friction strips worn in the era, along with hand-painted modern helmets that make them look like the rawhide leather caps the gridders wore then,

That 1924 game against Michigan so inspired Grantland Rice to give Grange his nickname of the Galloping Ghost when he wrote these famous lines of prose:

A streak of fire, a breath of flame
Eluding all who reach and clutch;
A gray ghost thrown into the game
That rival hands may never touch;
A rubber bounding, blasting soul
Whose destination is the goal.

Illinois has been waiting 100 years for this celebration, and it comes against Michigan as the reigning national champion. It should be a special, memorable day indeed.

The decor and style of a team's helmet say a lot about the program and its evolution. Blaise D'Sylva captures the Crimson Tide's helmet history in this nice collection of images that tell the tale of Bama football.

-A Crimson Tide of Tradition: The History of Alabama's Helmet Design

The Alabama Crimson Tide football program is synonymous with dominance and tradition. This tradition extends to their seemingly simple helmet design – a crimson shell emblazoned with a bold white number. But beneath this apparent simplicity lies a rich history, reflecting the program's unwavering focus and enduring legacy.

For much of Alabama's early years, helmet designs in college football were far from standardized. The Crimson Tide sported a variety of leather headgear in the early 20th century, lacking any defining visual elements. However, the seeds of the now-iconic design were sown in the 1930s with the introduction of crimson-painted helmets. These early iterations lacked numbers, relying solely on the color for identification.

The defining element, the white block numerals, arrived in 1961. This seemingly simple addition solidified the Alabama helmet's visual identity. The design resonated with coaches and fans alike, offering a clean and powerful aesthetic that mirrored the program's on-field philosophy. Over the years, there have been minor tweaks – the font underwent slight modifications, and a base was briefly added to the numbers before being removed. However, the core design – crimson shell, white block numbers – has remained constant for over six decades.

This consistency stands in stark contrast to the ever-evolving world of college football uniforms. While other programs embrace flashy designs and helmet decals, Alabama's commitment to tradition remains unwavering. The crimson helmet isn't just headgear; it's a symbol of the program's core values – discipline, focus, and a relentless pursuit of excellence.

So, the next time you see the Alabama Crimson Tide take the field, take a moment to appreciate the understated elegance of their helmets. It's a testament to a program that prioritizes substance over style, a program that lets its performance on the field do the talking.

The Auburn Tigers football helmet, adorned in its vibrant orange hue, is more than just headgear; it's a canvas that chronicles the program's evolution, traditions, and moments of gridiron glory. Here's a journey through their fascinating helmet history:

-Early Days (1930s-1950s):

-Simple leather lids with minimal markings - just the letter "A" or "Auburn" painted in block letters.

-Transition to plastic shells in the 1940s introduced orange, navy, and white variations, but designs remained basic.


-Birth of the Northwestern Stripes (1956-1965):

-In 1956, the iconic navy-orange-navy Northwestern Stripes debuted, coinciding with a new white jersey design.

-This bold change symbolized a new era of style and signaled Auburn's arrival as a national contender.

-The helmets, paired with Pat Dye's "Wishbone Offense," became synonymous with Auburn's dominant 1970s teams.


-Modern Tweaks and Refinements (1970s-Present):

-The Northwestern Stripes remained the primary design, undergoing subtle changes like stripe width adjustments and font variations.

-Alternate helmets emerged for special occasions, honoring legends like Pat Sullivan or showcasing unique patterns.

-The current helmet features a slightly bolder stripe combination and a sharper "AU" logo, retaining the classic identity while embracing a modern touch.

From the iconic "War Eagle" chant that echoes through Jordan-Hare Stadium to the electric atmosphere of the pre-game Tiger Walk, Auburn football is more than just a game. It's a family. It's a tradition passed down through generations, uniting fans in a sea of orange and blue. Here, victory isn't everything, it's the spirit, the claws held high, the unwavering belief that makes Auburn special. So join the roar, feel the electricity, and become part of something bigger than yourself. War Eagle!

There is so much more to explore, so check out our other stories of Auburn football history.

Unlike some college football teams with elaborate mascots adorning their helmets, Boston College Eagles have embraced a more minimalist approach. Their helmet design, a simple metallic gold with a single maroon stripe, reflects a commitment to tradition and a focus on the fundamentals of the game.

For most of the program's history, the Eagles have sported a variation of this basic design. From the early days in the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, Boston College helmets lacked any adornment beyond a simple gold shell. This minimalism mirrored the team's uniforms, which emphasized clean lines and a timeless elegance. Early photographs suggest some helmets may have featured uniform numbers on the sides, but color documentation for these details is scarce.

A key element, the maroon stripe, arrived sometime in the late 1950s or early 1960s. The exact reasoning behind its introduction remains unclear, but it's widely believed to be a nod to the university's maroon and gold colors. This addition offered a subtle yet effective way to break up the monotony of the gold shell while maintaining the overall clean aesthetic.

There have been a few notable exceptions to this minimalist design. In 1964, unconfirmed reports suggest some players wore helmets with a "flying eagle" decal, possibly as an award or recognition. However, this was never adopted as a widespread design element.

A more significant deviation came in 2011 and 2012, when Boston College donned helmets featuring a special "American flag" themed stripe to honor the 10th anniversary of 9/11. This temporary design was a poignant tribute, but the traditional maroon stripe quickly returned.

In recent years, a slight variation has emerged. The maroon stripe has undergone minor modifications, with some iterations featuring a slightly thicker "shadow" effect. However, the core design – a metallic gold shell with a single maroon stripe – remains steadfast.

The Boston College helmet design, devoid of flashy graphics or mascots, stands as a testament to the program's commitment to tradition. It's a symbol of a team that prioritizes focus and discipline, letting its performance on the field do the talking. The gold and maroon shine not just on the helmets, but in the enduring spirit of the Boston College Eagles.

There is so much more to explore, so check out our other stories of Boston College football history.

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Unlike some universities with flamboyant mascots plastered on their helmets, the Yale Bulldogs have embraced a more understated approach. Their helmet design, a simple white adorned with a bold "Y," reflects the program's rich tradition and dedication to a classic aesthetic.

For most of the early and mid-20th century, Yale helmets lacked any adornment beyond the basic white shell. This minimalism mirrored the team's uniforms, which emphasized clean lines and a timeless elegance. However, a few unique exceptions stand out. In 1969, coinciding with the 100th anniversary of college football, Yale added a "100" decal to their helmets, a small nod to the sport's history. This tradition continued in 1972 for their own 100th season, with a "100" decal being replaced by a "101" the following year.

The defining element, the bold "Y," arrived in the early 1970s. This simple addition offered a clear visual representation of the team's identity while maintaining the overall clean aesthetic. Over the years, the "Y" has undergone minor tweaks, such as the removal of its outline in the early 2010s. However, its core design has remained a constant, a testament to the enduring power of tradition.

In 2022, Yale unveiled a special edition helmet design for their game against Dartmouth, a celebration of the program's 150th anniversary. This iteration incorporated a unique element – a stripe featuring the names of every Yale football captain since 1872. This innovative design paid homage to the program's rich history while showcasing the Bulldogs' long line of leadership.

While the Yale Bulldogs helmet design may not be flashy, its simplicity speaks volumes. It embodies the program's commitment to tradition, its dedication to clean lines, and its unwavering focus on the fundamentals of the game. The "Y" stands not just for Yale, but for a legacy of excellence, etched in white for all to see.

The Ole Miss Rebels' football helmet is more than just headgear; it's a canvas onto which the program's vibrant history and evolving identity are painted. From the iconic powder blue to the classic navy, each design marks a chapter in the Rebels' storied journey, whispering tales of tradition, innovation, and a relentless pursuit of gridiron glory.

The earliest helmets, worn in the 1930s, were simple leather domes devoid of insignia, reflecting the humble beginnings of the program. But in the 1940s, the first whispers of color emerged with a crimson stripe adorning the royal blue shell. This subtle splash foreshadowed the explosion of hues that would define the years to come.

The 1960s ushered in the dawn of the "powder blue" era. This striking shade, unique in college football, captured the imagination of players and fans alike. Under legendary coach Johnny Vaught, the powder blue helmet became a symbol of Rebel swagger, adorning the heads of Archie Manning and a dynasty in the making. It marked a departure from tradition, an embrace of modernity and a declaration of Ole Miss's distinct identity.

But in the 1970s, amidst shifting winds and new leadership, the navy blue re-emerged. Emblazoned with the Colonel Reb mascot, this design harkened back to the program's traditional roots. It signified a return to a classic look, a nod to the past while still forging ahead into the future.

The decades that followed saw a tapestry of helmet variations. White helmets surfaced for alternate uniforms, camo designs were introduced in a nod to Mississippi's hunting heritage, and even a "Sugar Bowl" white helmet donned a special crown logo celebrating a championship victory. These diverse designs showcased the program's willingness to experiment while holding dear to its core identity.

Today, the Ole Miss Rebels have returned to their roots, sporting the navy blue helmet emblazoned with the Rebel logo. This familiar sight remains a beacon of tradition, a reminder of the storied past that fuels the passion of the present. Yet, the echoes of powder blue linger, a whisper of past boldness and a testament to the program's ever-evolving spirit.

The Arkansas Razorbacks football helmet is a canvas that tells the story of the program's evolution, resilience, and enduring connection to its fans. Here's a glimpse into its design journey:

-Early Days (1920s-1940s):

-Simple leather lids with minimal markings, often just the letter "A" or "Arkansas" in block letters.

-Reflected the nascent stage of the program and limited equipment options.


-The Birth of Cardinal (1946-1960s):

-In 1946, the iconic cardinal red color arrived, paired with contrasting white stripes and block "AR" logo.

-This marked a bold identity shift, showcasing a vibrant spirit befitting the program's nickname.

-The classic "razorback decal" appeared in 1964, adding a unique element to the design.


-Refinement and Experimentation (1970s-Present):

-The cardinal red shell and razorback decal remained constant, but variations introduced:Bold stripes evolving into thinner, sleeker styles.


-Font adjustments to the "AR" logo or its complete removal.

-Alternate helmets for special occasions, like throwback designs or tributes to fallen heroes.

-Modern Tweaks and Contemporary Identity (2010s-Present):

-Subtle refinements continued, like metallic finishes or matte variations on the classic red.

-Emphasis on the razorback logo, with sharper lines and bolder details.

-Controversial decisions, like the 2017 Dallas Cowboys-inspired helmet, sparked fan discussion.

Calling all Hog fans and future fanatics! Dive into the heart of Razorback nation, where passion bleeds cardinal and white. The Arkansas Razorbacks aren't just a team; they're a family. Cheer on a program steeped in tradition, from the roar of Razorback Stadium to the relentless fight on the gridiron. Witness electrifying offenses, bone-crushing defenses, and a never-say-die spirit that embodies the Arkansas soul. Join the frenzy, feel the electricity, and be part of something bigger than the game itself – the Razorback Family.

For Tennessee Volunteers fans, the football helmet isn't just headgear; it's a canvas brimming with symbolism and stories etched in paint and stripes. Tracing its evolution reveals a captivating narrative of team identity, evolving trends, and a never-fading orange flame.

In the early days, simplicity reigned. From 1925 to 1950, a plain white shell adorned with a single orange stripe down the center served as the Vols' headwear. It was a modest symbol, yet it boldly declared their allegiance to the color that would become their trademark.

The 1950s ushered in a change. Orange numbers were added, emblazoned on either side, further strengthening the team's visual identity. But it wasn't until 1964 that the iconic "Power T" arrived, a bold black block letter emblazoned proudly on the helmet's crown. This symbol, designed by new coach Doug Dickey, instantly resonated with fans, solidifying the team's image as a force to be reckoned with.

The T wasn't static. Over the years, it underwent subtle tweaks, reflecting the changing aesthetic of the era. The stripe narrowed, then widened, the font adjusted, constantly searching for the perfect visual representation of Vol power.

In 2015, Nike entered the scene, bringing a bold rebrand. The Power T received a slight reshaping, gaining a modern edge, and the helmet sported a checkerboard design on the back, mimicking the Neyland Stadium end zone. This change sparked debate, some embracing the fresh look, others pining for the classic simplicity.

But one thing remained constant: the orange. Throughout the decades, from the white shell to the checkered accents, the vibrant orange has never wavered. It's a constant reminder of the Vols' fiery spirit, a beacon that shines even in the darkest of defeats.

The history of the Washington Huskies football program is told through the collection of images that Blaise D'Sylva on Helmet History.com has collected and organized in the post below.
In the dynamic ballet of gridiron action, where bodies clash and plays unfold at lightning speed, one element stands out as a beacon of team identity: the helmet. Far from a protective shell, the football helmet has become a vibrant canvas, a declaration of colors, logos, and traditions that instantly sets one team apart.

This is an excellent trip down memory lane to not only the logo and helmet color scheme/design but also the evolution of the safety equipment itself.