Football History

Strap on your leather helmets and step back in time! This series delves into the fascinating decade of 1911-1920, which witnessed the birth and explosive growth of College and early professionals.

The image used is Ohio State vs Case 1916 football (cropped)

We'll go beyond the final scores and explore the stories that shaped the league's early years. Here's what you can expect:

The Pioneering Days: Witness the game's evolution from its rough-and-tumble college roots to the beginnings of a professional league. We'll meet the innovative coaches and legendary players who founded the sport we know today.

A Decade of Change: Buckle up for a journey through rule changes that revolutionized the game. From the introduction of the forward pass to the establishment of the down-and-distance system, we'll see how the sport transformed from a rugby-like spectacle to the strategic chess match it is today.

Birth of Rivalries: Witness the sparks of legendary rivalries ignite as iconic franchises like the Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers, and New York Giants take center stage.

From Mud to Mayhem: Immerse yourself in the unique atmosphere of early NFL games. Picture stadiums filled with passionate (and sometimes unruly) fans, muddy fields, and a brand of football that emphasized grit and determination.

The Dawn of Superstardom: Meet the early gridiron heroes who captured the nation's imagination. From the legendaryplayers to the iron-willed coaches who shaped the game, we'll celebrate the pioneers who paved the way for future NFL stars.

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The 1913 college football season was a wild ride with no clear-cut champion. Unlike today's national championship system, there was no official title awarded. However, three teams – Chicago, Harvard, and Auburn – all finished undefeated and laid claim to the national crown.

This season marked a turning point for Western football. Teams like Notre Dame, Nebraska, and Michigan State dominated their schedules, even defeating several top Eastern squads. This performance challenged the established dominance of Eastern powerhouses like Harvard and Yale, showcasing the growing strength of football programs across the country. While the lack of a single champion may leave some unsatisfied, the 1913 season remains a fascinating chapter in college football history, a testament to the sport's growing national appeal and the emergence of new powerhouses.

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In this edition of the Football History Rewind series, part 29, we examine the rules changes and the 1911 season. This was the final season of old-time football before bigger changes.

Football at the end of 1910

The History of Football year-by-year series in the last few editions has just journeyed through one of the most radical rules revision periods of the game's history in 1910. The Game of 1910 was much different because of these rules changes than a few years earlier. From our twentieth-century perspective, the rules more closely resemble what we are familiar with with the football game in 1910, whereas the rules of 1900 would lead one to believe it was a different sport altogether. It was a different game!

Items such as the forward pass, seven men on the line of scrimmage before the snap, and tackling rules took the game from a brutal battering ram of humanity thrust into a wall of flesh to a strategic game where individuals could make a difference. However, the concept of working as a team was still prevalent. The coming years after the year of significant revision would have coaches and players exploring the new rules and ideas. They would open the door for new strategies and philosophies on the gridiron. The rules makers would make their tweaks to the latest regulations as well as experiment to make the game safer for participants while at the same time trying to keep the playing field level for both sides of the ball and keep the fans interested in the spectacle of the sport.
New strategies?
The 1910 rules revisions shocked the coaches that first year, for only one truly new concept was introduced that season. The University of Minnesota and its coach, H.L. Williams ( a Yale product), were the only ones brave enough to tread out into the unknown waters of change. All other teams stayed with what they knew and had performed before, but many had to adapt these old standards to conform to the legality of the rules.

Minnesota's Williams tried a new concept where he would not show the look of his formation until just before the snap. Under this strategy, Minnesota's offense would gather around the line of scrimmage but not be in certain positions or formations. Then, just before the snap, the players would leap into their proper positions, creating a legal formation, and snap the ball. Defenses never knew what they would get coming at them until the ball was snapped! The defenders never had a chance to shift to match the offensive formations due to this masking of the offensive formation. The new concept was fondly called the Minnesota Shift.
Results of change
What was important to those inside and outside of football's inner ring was whether the safety of the players increased due to the rule changes or if it was still the same bloody game it was prior. Statistics from the 1910 season proved that injuries in the game of football were drastically reduced, and the new rules were the factor that caused this decrease! The public outcry against the game's brutality had been quieted.
At the same time, the critics of football who did not want change because they felt the game would become dull and uninteresting to spectators were silenced as well because the games were still exciting and entertaining to the masses. The rules makers could not have hoped for better results! They and their innovations had probably saved the game!
1911, the tweaking begins
The men who met and made the rules did not sit on their hands, though, in the next year. On the contrary, they kept at the drawing board to revise the rules further and enhance the game to new levels. The biggest change to the rules in 1911 had to do with the forward pass aspect of the sport.

The forward pass was still only a few years old at this point in history, and it was used less due to the risk versus rewards factor. The risk was that a pass not caught was treated the same as a fumble and almost invariably was a turnover. Coaches were afraid to use the pass in their game plans as a regular play because of the risk of losing possession of the ball. The forward pass held the status of what today we call a gadget play. It was used mainly by offenses as a surprise tactic or one of desperation.
The rules makers decided to change this characteristic of the forward pass because most wanted to see it become a standard weapon in an offensive's arsenal. The "fumble" aspect of the dropped passes also provided roughness, which the rules committee wanted removed from the game. In the spring meetings of 1911, the rule committee changed the rules of a dropped or incomplete forward pass that hit the ground to be a dead ball. The incomplete pass was born!
The Season of 1911
This season was the last era of old rules, as we will see in the major reforms of the 1912 rules body. With that, a big group of teams went undefeated. Navy finished with a record of 6–0–3. An excellent record indeed as two of the Midshipmen ties were scoreless games with the other top unbeaten teams, Penn State, who sported an 8–0–1 ledger, and Princeton, who recorded an 8–0–2 mark themselves. Other unbeaten teams that finished the season were Florida at 5–0–1 and Minnesota at 6–0–1. The Helms Athletic Foundation, established years later in 1936, declared retroactively that Princeton had been the best team of 1911, and the Tigers were recognized as the National Champions.
On the professional circuit, the Shelby Blues once again captured the Ohio State title in football by knocking off the Akron Indians twice. They won the title in their season-ending victory against the up-and-coming Canton Professionals. You can learn more about the Blues in a post and podcast we did a few months back titled The Shelby Blues.
The forward passing rules still had some ways to go through, and more progress would be made in 1912 in that respect. Please look back to the next edition of Football History Rewind, part 30, in which we will examine how the 1912 revisions would make their mark on the game we love.
Photo Credits
The photograph in the banner above is courtesy of the Wikimedia Commons collection of public domain pictures. It is a cropped version of the Pomona College football team, 1911. First published in the 1911 Metate yearbook of Pomona College and taken by an Unknown.

The 1912 college football season marked a turning point in the sport's history. This year saw the introduction of several key rule changes designed to increase scoring and make the game more exciting for fans. The number of downs to gain ten yards was increased from three to four, the value of a touchdown was upped from five to six points, and the playing field dimensions were reduced to create a more condensed playing area. These changes laid the groundwork for the high-scoring, fast-paced game we know today.

While there wasn't a contemporaneous system for determining a national champion, the 1912 season saw several strong contenders emerge. Harvard, known for their stifling defense, was widely recognized as the top team. However, schools like Penn State, with their dominant shutouts, and Vanderbilt, boasting a high-powered offense, also made strong cases for the title. This season showcased the growing national reach of college football, with regional powerhouses vying for national recognition and exciting fans across the country.

The 1912 Harvard Crimson football team etched its name in history as one of the most dominant squads of the early NFL era. Led by the innovative coach Percy Haughton, the Crimson entered the season riding a winning streak that had begun in November 1911.

Their dominance was undeniable. Harvard steamrolled through their nine-game schedule, outscoring their opponents by a staggering 176 points to 22. They shut out a whopping five teams, showcasing a stifling defense and a potent offense. This undefeated season was part of a remarkable three-year stretch where Harvard wouldn't lose a single game, solidifying their place as a gridiron powerhouse. It's important to remember that there was no formal playoff system in place at the time, but by all accounts, Harvard was the clear national champion in 1912.