Football History

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The modern touchback rule in American football, where a ball fumbled out of the end zone results in possession for the receiving team at the 20-yard line, wasn't always the way it was. Its history reveals an interesting journey shaped by strategic considerations, safety concerns, and the ever-evolving nature of the game.

Timothy Brown of FootballArchaeology.com joins us to discuss this interesting but rare football event and its evolution in history.

Early Days and the Muffed Punt: In the early years of American football (late 19th century), recovering a fumble in the end zone, even if accidentally, awarded the recovering team a touchdown. This strategy, known as the "muffed punt," involved intentionally fumbling the ball just before crossing the goal line to score. It was a risky maneuver but potentially offered an advantage in scoring position.

Safety First: Introducing the Safety: Recognizing the dangers of this practice, a new rule was introduced in 1882, awarding the opposing team two points (later changed to one) for recovering a fumble in the end zone, effectively discouraging the "muffed punt" and prioritizing player safety.

Strategic Shifts and the Touchdown: However, the new rule also created a strategic conundrum. Teams facing fourth-and-long situations near their own end zone could intentionally fumble the ball out of bounds for a safety, essentially sacrificing two points to avoid a potential turnover and touchdown by the opponent. This led to the introduction of the "touchback" rule.

Born May 14, 1907, in Salem, Ohio, was Carnegie Mellon’s quarterback from 1926 through the 1928 season, Howard Harpster. The National Football Foundation in their bio on this great player shares about what a brilliant on field tactician he was.

Carnegie Tech, as it was called back then, had q QB in Harpster that was such a good strategist that he could pull off the unexpected in the heat of the moment. The trait brought him acclaim as one of the great Eastern quarterbacks of the late 1920's. He was one of the first to challenge enemy defenses by passing from his own end zone, making it a successful maneuver. During a 1928 game against Notre Dame, Howard called for a quarterback sneak on a third-down-and-15 play, turning the surprise call into a 35-yard gain. His game-situation reactions prompted many to say he had the mind of a coach.

The 1928 season was a great one for Howard as he earned All-American honors leading Carnegie Tech to a 7-1 record with barely an interception. He was a great defender too as proven by in his three seasons, Tech's goal was crossed only three times, once on a fumble recovered by Notre Dame in the end zone. Howard did all of his team's kicking and punting and was noted for consistently booting within the 60 to 65 yard range. Howard Harpster received the great honor of being selected for inclusion into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956. After graduation in 1933, at the youthful age of 25, Harpster became Carnegie Tech's head coach. He had four seasons at the helm, against a major-college schedule and his squad took home a 12-20-3 record. There were some big victories posted there though as they got the “W’s” against competition by the likes of Notre Dame, Temple, and Purdue and tied Pitt and Michigan State.

Born May 16, 1943, in Borger, Texas, was Donny Anderson who was the 1963 to 1965 starting halfback of Texas Tech. Donny’s NFF bio lists that he was known as "The Golden Palomino" as a two-time All-America halfback in 1964 and 1965.

He had some splash plays almost from the get-go, for as a sophomore at Tech, he intercepted a pass and ran 43 yards against Washington State. As a junior, his stat-line included a 90-yard run from scrimmage against Texas Christian and a 68-yard punt against Southern Methodist. The more he played, the better he got. In his Senior season, Donny was off the charts.

That 1965 season, Anderson ran a kickoff back 100 yards against Oklahoma State, caught ten passes against Arkansas, and scored 17 touchdowns in the season. The Sporting News named him co-winner (with Jim Grabowski of Illinois) of its Player of the Year Award. His 5111 yards on all-purpose running was a Texas Tech record. This includes his career yardage by rushing, receiving, kick returns, and interception returns. The National Football Foundation selected Donny Anderson for entrance into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1989. Donny enjoyed nine seasons at the professional level as a player too. The Pro Football Reference website shares that he spent 6 seasons as a Green Bay Packer winning two Super Bowls and two NFL Championships and three more years as a St Louis Cardinal. During his NFL stint he tallied almost 4700 yards with a 3.9 yards per carry average.

Born May 2, 1955, in Mineral Wells, Texas, was Richard Ritchie the Texas A&I Quarterback from 1973 to 1976. After 9 games Texas A&I had a 1-8 record going into the last game of the 1973 season.

A freshman, Richard Ritchie, moved up the depth chart to get the nod as the starting quarterback position according to the NFF's Bio on Ritchie. The Javelinas won that game and that propelled Ritchie to continue as the A&I signal caller quarterback for the next three full seasons. Texas A&I, now known as Texas A&M-Kingsville, in those seasons with Ritchie under center sported records of 13-0, 12-0, 13-0 enroute to winning NAIA Division I championships those three years. He passed for 40 touchdowns and rushed for 19. For his collegiate career Ritchie passed a total of 5,131 yards and he rushed for 1492. He also kicked 137 extra points and nine field goals. The National Football Foundation selected Richard Ritchie for entrance into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1998. Richard served as assistant football coach at Texas 1977-79, North Texas 1980, and Texas Tech 1981-84.

Being inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame is a mark of unparalleled prestige and accomplishment. It signifies that a player has not only excelled on the field but has also left a lasting legacy that transcends generations. This honor is reserved for those who have demonstrated exceptional skill, leadership, and impact in collegiate football, shaping the sport’s history and inspiring future players. Remembering these inductees is not just a tribute to their remarkable careers but also a celebration of their enduring influence on the game. Their stories and achievements serve as a beacon of excellence and a testament to the profound role they’ve played in elevating college football to new heights.

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Identifying the top five players in Notre Dame football history is a subjective task, as different criteria can be used for evaluation. However, here's a list of five widely recognized legends who have left their mark on the program:

-1. Paul Hornung (1954-1956):

A versatile athlete who excelled as a running back, defensive back, kicker, and punter, Hornung won the 1956 Heisman Trophy, the only Notre Dame player to do so. He led the Fighting Irish to national championships in 1953 and 1954 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1985.

-2. Joe Theismann (1967-1970):

A talented quarterback known for his athleticism and strong arm, Theismann led Notre Dame to a national championship in 1966. He was a three-time All-American and finished second in Heisman Trophy voting in 1969. He went on to enjoy a successful NFL career, winning Super Bowl XVII with the Washington Redskins.

-3. Jerome Bettis (1989-1992):

A powerful running back nicknamed "The Bus," Bettis rushed for over 3,000 yards for Notre Dame and was a two-time All-American. He won the Maxwell Award in 1992 and was drafted 10th overall by the Los Angeles Rams in the 1993 NFL Draft. Bettis later became a Super Bowl champion with the Pittsburgh Steelers and is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.

-4. Tim Brown (1984-1987):

Considered one of the greatest wide receivers in college football history, Brown set numerous school records at Notre Dame and was a two-time All-American. He won the Walter Camp Award in 1987 and was the Heisman Trophy runner-up the same year. Brown went on to a stellar NFL career with the Los Angeles Raiders and is a member of both the College Football and Pro Football Halls of Fame.

-5. Raghib Ismail (1988-1990):

Nicknamed "Rocket," Ismail was a dynamic running back and kick returner who revolutionized the college game with his speed and agility. He won the 1990 Heisman Trophy and led Notre Dame to a national championship in 1988. Ismail also enjoyed a successful NFL career as a kick returner and is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.

It's important to note that many other Notre Dame players deserve recognition for their contributions to the program's rich history. This list is just a starting point for further exploration of the legendary figures who have shaped the Fighting Irish into one of the most storied programs in college football.

Honorable Mention: Joe Montana, Elmer Layden, Knute Rockne, George Gipp, Johnny Lujack, Angelo Bertelli, Tony Rice, George O'Connor, Ross Browner, Johnny Lattner, Leon Hart, Emil Sitko

Check out the BleacherReport.com article for their top 50 selections of Irish Greats of the Gridiron.

Art Poe was a 1969 inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame by the National Football Foundation. Poe was a member of the Princeton Tigers, had five famous gridiron brothers who were all the nephews of poet Edgar Allen Poe.

Art Poe was a standout football player for Princeton University in the late 19th century. Known for his exceptional athleticism and determination, Poe was a key figure in Princeton's dominance of college football during that era. Despite his relatively small stature, he possessed incredible speed and agility, making him a formidable force on the field.

Poe's impact on the game was significant. His clutch performances in rivalry games against Yale, including a game-winning drop kick, solidified his legendary status. His contributions to Princeton football earned him All-American honors and a place in the College Football Hall of Fame.

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The Penn State Nittany Lions are a force to be reckoned with on the college football field. Their iconic image, a ferocious blue and white Nittany Lion, is a symbol recognized by fans nationwide. But unlike many other college mascots with long and storied pasts, the Penn State logo boasts a surprisingly concise history – a testament to a design philosophy focused on simplicity and tradition.

A Logo Born from Necessity (1983):

Believe it or not, the Penn State Nittany Lions football program didn't have an official logo until 1983. Prior to that, the team relied on a variety of unofficial designs for merchandise and branding purposes. The need for a cohesive visual identity, particularly with the rise of college football licensing, spurred the creation of the official logo we know today.

A Timeless Design (1983-Present):

Commissioned in 1983, the logo features a stylized Nittany Lion head facing forward with a determined expression. The lion's mane is rendered in a bold blue, while the face and details are white. The overall design is clean, powerful, and devoid of excessive detail. This minimalist approach allows the logo to be easily reproduced across various mediums, from jerseys and helmets to hats and t-shirts.

The Power of Consistency:

The brilliance of the Penn State Nittany Lions logo lies in its enduring simplicity. Unlike other programs that have undergone frequent logo revisions, Penn State has remained committed to this singular design. This consistency has allowed the logo to become a timeless symbol, instantly recognizable and synonymous with the program's rich history and tradition.

More Than Just a Logo:

The Penn State Nittany Lions logo transcends mere visual representation. It embodies the fighting spirit of the program, the unwavering dedication of its players and coaches, and the unwavering loyalty of its passionate fanbase. It's a symbol that unites generations of Nittany Lions under a shared identity, a source of pride that roars loud and clear whenever Penn State takes the field.

The Penn State Nittany Lions logo may not boast a long and intricate history, but its simplicity and unwavering presence have cemented its place as a powerful symbol within the world of college football. It's a testament to the enduring legacy of the program and a reminder that sometimes, the most effective designs are the ones that stand the test of time.

The Florida International University (FIU) Golden Panthers football team, established in 2001, boasts a relatively young history. However, within that brief timeline, their football helmets have undergone interesting design changes, reflecting the team's evolving identity and the broader trends in college football helmet design.

Early Years: The Panther Prowl (2001-2008)

FIU's inaugural season in 2001 saw the introduction of their first helmet design. It featured a white base with a teal interlocking "FI" logo on either side. The most striking element, however, was a full-body panther graphic, appearing to prowl across the top of the helmet. This design embodied a sense of movement and aggression, aligning with the energetic spirit of a new program.

A Touch of Teal: Refining the Identity (2009-2011)

In 2009, FIU opted for a sleeker design. The panther graphic was simplified, with only the head and upper torso remaining. The teal color was expanded, taking over the entire helmet except for a white stripe running down the center. This change reflected a growing confidence in the program's established identity and a focus on FIU's signature teal color.

The Spear Dawns: A Bold New Era (2012-2016)

FIU's most dramatic helmet change came in 2合せ年 (2012) (ni-sen-jū-ni-nen, the Japanese equivalent of 2012). The design incorporated a stylized spear piercing a panther head, both rendered in a metallic chrome finish. This bold design aimed to project an image of power and ferocity. However, it proved divisive among fans, with some appreciating its uniqueness and others finding it too busy and lacking in classic appeal.

A Return to Tradition: The Panther in Focus (2017-Present)

In 2017, FIU opted for a more traditional design. The helmet returned to a white base with a simplified teal panther head on both sides. This shift reflected a desire to reconnect with the program's roots and establish a more timeless aesthetic. Minor tweaks have been made since, such as adding a chrome outline to the panther, but the core design remains focused on a clean and recognizable image.

Beyond Aesthetics: A Reflection of Football Culture

The evolution of FIU's helmets reflects not just the team's identity but also broader trends in college football helmet design. The early 2000s saw a rise in complex graphics and action-oriented imagery. The chrome trend emerged in the 2010s, and recently, there's been a return to more classic and timeless designs.

Unlike some college football teams with a rich history of dramatic helmet design changes, the Middle Tennessee State Blue Raiders (MTSU) have maintained a relatively consistent look throughout their existence. However, this doesn't mean their helmets haven't evolved, reflecting the changing landscape of college football and the team's own identity. Here's a look at the key points in the Blue Raiders' helmet design history:

Early Days (Pre-1960s):

Information on the exact design of MTSU's earliest football helmets is scarce. However, it's safe to assume they followed the basic leather helmets common in the early to mid-20th century, likely lacking any specific team markings or logos.

The Birth of the Blue Raider (1960s-1970s):

The 1960s marked the introduction of the iconic "Blue Raider" mascot, a costumed white-winged horse. This period likely saw the first appearance of a team logo on the helmet, possibly a simple depiction of the Blue Raider itself.

Stripes and Simplicity (1980s-1990s):

The 1980s and 1990s saw a more standardized helmet design emerge. The basic structure remained a white shell, likely with a single blue stripe running down the center. This simple design emphasized the team's colors and offered a clean, professional look.

Entering the FBS Era and the "Flying M" (2000s-Present):

In 2000, MTSU transitioned from the Ohio Valley Conference to the Sun Belt Conference, and later to Conference USA (C-USA) in 2013. This period of increased exposure coincided with a subtle but significant change to the helmet design. The single center stripe was replaced with a stylized "M" logo, often referred to as the "Flying M," incorporated into a wider blue stripe. This change offered a more modern and distinctive look, while still retaining the core blue and white color scheme.

This article delves into the surprising past of Duke University's athletics. Forget knights or crusaders – discover how Duke's teams transformed into the ferocious, rally-igniting Blue Devils. We'll explore the influence of World War I, student newspaper rivalry, and a dash of controversy that led to this now-iconic mascot. So, prepare to be surprised as you uncover the story of how Duke University became the Blue Devils!

Duke University's prestigious reputation may come as a surprise to those who don't know its history. Before the iconic blue devil mascot and sprawling Durham campus, Duke existed as a much smaller institution – Trinity College. Founded in 1838 as a Methodist school named Union Institute, it underwent several transformations. In 1851, it became Normal College, focusing on teacher training. Finally, in 1859, with financial backing from the Methodist Church, it was christened Trinity College, reflecting its Christian mission.

This early Trinity College laid the groundwork for Duke's future success. It emphasized a strong liberal arts education, attracting talented students and faculty. The move to Durham in 1892 and crucial donations from the Duke family in the early 20th century allowed Trinity to expand dramatically. In 1924, it officially became Duke University, honoring the Dukes' generosity and ushering in a new era of academic prominence. While the name changed, the legacy of Trinity's dedication to education continues to be a cornerstone of Duke University's identity.