Football History

1991- Fans at the home of the Citrus Bowl welcomed the World League of American Football's Orlando Thunder's inaugural game against the San Antonio Riders. The Thunder outlasted the Riders 35-34 in a thriller.

Thunder QB Number 12 Kerwin Bell enters the stadium to applause. Image courtesy Newspapers.com via the Orlando Sentinal March 26, 1991.

The World League of American Football (WLAF) was a professional American football league founded by the NFL in 1991. It featured teams in North America and Europe, aiming to expand the sport's global reach. 1 While showcasing some promising talent and generating initial interest, the WLAF struggled with financial sustainability and inconsistent attendance. It underwent restructuring and rebranding before eventually ceasing operations in 2007, providing a platform for players and coaches and briefly introducing American football to new markets.

A semi-pro gridiron squad based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The team was founded by Art Rooney, who is best known for being the founder of the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League.

Hope Harvey Predecessor

After a few years of playing as the Hope-Harvey eleven which included Art Rooney and his brothers on the roster, the team was sponsored by "Loeffler's Electronic Store", who renamed the team after one of its best-selling products, the Majestic Radio. Hence the team became known as the Majestic Radios. The team's affiliation with Loeffler's ended prior to the team's 1931 season. It was then they became the J.P. Rooneys, paying tribute to the candidacy of James Rooney, brother of Art, who was grinning for political office.

Art Rooney Sr., the iconic founder of the Pittsburgh Steelers, didn't build a championship team overnight. His journey began with the Majestic Radios Football Team, a semi-professional squad that served as a crucial stepping stone to his NFL aspirations. This essay explores the connection between these early days and the eventual rise of the Pittsburgh Steelers.

The Early Hustle: Learning the Game from the Ground Up

The Majestic Radios, founded in the early 1920s, were more than just a team for Art Rooney. They were his classroom. Here, he wore several hats: player, coach, and even recruiter, scouring local neighborhoods and colleges for talent. This hands-on experience laid the groundwork for his future success. He learned the intricacies of the game, the importance of scouting and team building, and the financial realities of running a football organization.

A Winning Start and the Value of Community

The Majestic Radios enjoyed considerable success. This early taste of victory instilled in Rooney a hunger for sustained success. He also understood the importance of community support. The enthusiastic crowds drawn to their games at Exposition Park foreshadowed the passionate Steelers fanbase that would develop later.

As football fans, we appreciate having the broadcasts of our favorite games in color to enjoy the vivid colors and pageantry of the gridiron.

With this being April Fool's Day and all I want to share with you a great prank completed back in 1962 from hoaxes.org, from Sweden's only television network Sweden's SVT (Sveriges Television) brought their technical expert, Kjell Stensson, on to the news to inform the public that, thanks to a new technology, viewers could convert their existing sets to display color reception.

At the time, there was only one TV channel in Sweden, and it broadcast in black and white, so this was big news. Stensson explained that all viewers had to do was pull a nylon stocking over their TV screen, and the mesh would cause the light to bend so that the image appeared in color.

He proceeded to demonstrate the process, and thousands of people were taken in. Many Swedes today still report remembering their fathers rushing through the house trying to find stockings to place over the TV set. Regular color broadcasts only commenced in Sweden on April 1, 1970.

---

Today, we're unleashing a blitzkrieg on the evolution of the American Football uniform, a tale of sweat, leather, and, surprisingly... fashion. Don't hang up your cleats just yet, folks, because this will be a wild ride through the sartorial savagery of the gridiron.

Let's rewind to the late 19th century when football resembled rugby more than the high-octane spectacle we know today. Players rocked woolen pants, canvas shirts, and leather strappings adorned the heads that looked more like torture devices than protective gear. Think of it in the vain of a tweed golf getup meets executioner garb and industrial work clothes for some heavy doses of chaffed skin.

These guys were pioneers! They established the basic silhouette – long sleeves, pants tucked into socks, and a healthy dose of mud. They also gave us some rudimentary pads. Shoulder pads were first seen in the 1890s, initially worn outside players' sweaters for protection.

Versions of tied shoulder pads were in the Spaldings 1906 catalog, and other teams had them sewn onto the player's sweaters.

These early stocking cap era players were more concerned with protecting their noses than their brains. The nose guard was invented one year before any head protection was formerly marketed.

Multiple types of leather headgear, often referred to as the head harness, were the predecessor of the helmet.

The Leather Revolution and the Birth of the Numbers Game:
(Transition sound)
Fast forward to the roaring twenties, and the game gets a severe wardrobe upgrade. Leather pants and jackets have become all the rage, offering protection and a surprisingly sleek air.

Decorative friction strips were so popular in the 1920s, and how teams placed them in patterns on the jerseys, not only for an aesthetic purpose but to help runners hang on to the ball.

(Optional: Interview with a historian to discuss the cultural and technological factors behind the leather revolution)
Breaking Through the Color Barrier and the Rise of the Superstars:
(Transition sound)

The late 1920s and 1930s are what my friend Timothy Brown refers to as the "Ugly uniform era" of football, as friction strips and stripes and a variety of fabrics were used to try to gain a competitive and aesthetic advantage.

Football teams from 1915 through 1936 had almost complete control over what was on their uniforms. According to NCAA rules, the numbers only went in front of them officially in 1937. The letter designations of the school were expected since the early days of stocking cap era football, but the school logo was an innovation in the World War I era and after the game's brand. Eventually, the random stripes were relegated to the sleeves and a possible military pinstripe down the sides of the football pants.

Before World War II, their helmets were made of more modern materials. In 1939, plastic helmets strutted onto the field, promising lightweight protection. But these early examples crumbled under pressure, shattering and causing more injuries than cheers. They were quickly benched, only to return beefed up with sturdier plastic and a healthy dose of padding a year later. By 1943, even the NFL realized the value of cranium protection, making helmets mandatory four years after college football did the same.

In the late 1940s, mouthguards appeared as the urge to protect the teeth was emphasized.

After WWII, the rules and the look of football morphed considerably once again. The helmets were soon adorned with more protective equipment in a mandatory hard shell variety.

The first face mask was worn by Otto Graham of the Cleveland Browns, who got elbowed in the mouth during the first half of a 1953 game and then played the second half wearing a piece of plastic that coach Paul Brown taped to his helmet.

Let's jump to 1947, which witnessed a gridiron fashion revolution. A Los Angeles Rams running back with a vision. Rams' Fred Gehrke grabbed a paintbrush and transformed his helmet into a canvas, etching iconic ram horns that sent shockwaves through the league. And guess what? Fans adored it! Suddenly, helmets weren't just protective gear; they were billboards of team identity, especially on the nascent black-and-white televisions of the time.

It is the age of high-tech fabrics, lightweight pads, and helmets that look like they belong in a sci-fi movie. Performance meets style, with teams pushing the boundaries of design and material innovation.

The 1960s: Color TV explodes, and so do uniform palettes! Teams embrace dazzling hues, bidding farewell to drab jerseys. The NFL even introduced a position-based numbering system, making it easier to tell who's throwing bombs and who's catching them.
Big Pads, Big Hits: The running game reigns supreme, and shoulder pads morphed into plastic fortresses in the '60s. Think broad, heavy, and "moving a human brick pile." But as the game shifts to aerial acrobatics, pads slim down, prioritizing mobility over medieval armor vibes.
Neck Roll Rhapsody (and Demise): From the '70s to '90s, linemen sport inflatable neck pillows on their backs, hoping to shield vulnerable nerves. But like most fashion fads, evidence mounts against their effectiveness, and eventually, the neck rolls deflate and disappear.

---

The Vanderbilt Commodores, nestled amidst the academic haven of Nashville, boast a football history as rich and nuanced as the school itself. Their legacy is a tapestry woven with threads of early brilliance, unexpected triumphs, and the constant shadow of a conference giant's dominance.

In 1890, Vanderbilt became one of the South's premier teams, dominating regional rivals and boasting "The Father of Vanderbilt Football," chemistry professor William Lofland Dudley. But their early success faded as other SEC programs rose to prominence, leaving the Commodores adrift in a sea of crimson and orange.

Despite the challenges, Vanderbilt has had its moments of glory. They captured their first bowl victory in 53 years in 2008 under Bobby Johnson, and James Franklin spearheaded a brief renaissance, leading the team to consecutive bowl appearances in 2011 and 2012. Derek Mason built a strong defensive unit, culminating in a thrilling upset against No. 3 Georgia in 2016.

Yet, success has often been fleeting. The Commodores have struggled to find sustained momentum, often facing the daunting task of overcoming the SEC's elite programs. This struggle highlights the unique challenges of a team like Vanderbilt, where academic rigor and high admission standards limit the pool of potential recruits.

However, the Vanderbilt story isn't solely defined by wins and losses. The program has nurtured exceptional talent, from Earl Blazzard, the first African-American player to be drafted in the first round, to Jay Cutler, the NFL's highest-paid player at one point. They've instilled a culture of academic excellence, boasting the highest graduation rate among SEC football programs.

---

The Arizona State University Sun Devils football program boasts a rich history, spanning over a century of competition. From its humble beginnings to its current status as a Pac-12 contender, the program has seen periods of both triumph and adversity, carving its own unique path in college football lore.

Early Years and Establishing a Foundation (1897-1957):

The program's origins can be traced back to 1897, when the Tempe Normal School (predecessor to ASU) fielded its first team.
These early years were characterized by limited resources and competition against regional opponents.
Despite the challenges, notable figures like coach Frank Kush laid the groundwork for future success.
The Frank Kush Era and National Recognition (1958-1979):

This era marks the golden age of ASU football. Under the leadership of legendary coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils transformed into a national powerhouse.
Kush's innovative coaching style and emphasis on discipline led to 14 conference titles and three Top-10 finishes in the AP Poll.
The Sun Devils defeated ranked opponents like Ohio State and Nebraska, achieving national recognition and establishing their place among college football's elite.
Darryl Rogers Era and Transition (1980-1984):

The departure of Frank Kush ushered in a period of transition. While the program continued to win conference titles under coach Darryl Rogers, it struggled to maintain its national standing.
This era saw the introduction of Sparky the Sun Devil as the official mascot, further solidifying the program's identity.
The John Cooper Era and Renewed Success (1985-1987):

Coach John Cooper's arrival in 1985 marked another period of success. The Sun Devils won two conference titles and earned national recognition with victories over ranked opponents like Oklahoma.
This era also saw the emergence of iconic players like Jake Plummer and Pat Tillman, further cementing the program's legacy.
Joining the Pac-10 and Facing New Challenges (1988-Present):

The Sun Devils' move to the Pac-10 Conference in 1978 presented new challenges and opportunities.
While competing against established programs like USC and UCLA, the Sun Devils continued to achieve success, winning conference titles and making bowl appearances.
The program faced periods of inconsistency and coaching changes but remained competitive within the Pac-10, later renamed the Pac-12.
Recent Developments and the Future (2019-Present):

The Sun Devils' recent history has been marked by leadership transitions and an ongoing pursuit of consistency.
The program has shown promising signs under coach Kenny Dillingham, including an exciting victory over Oklahoma State in 2023.
As the Sun Devils continue to navigate the competitive Pac-12 landscape and move to the Big 12 in 2024, they remain committed to achieving sustained success and building upon their legacy.

---

The Kentucky Wildcats football program, like the bluegrass itself, is deeply rooted in tradition and resilience. While national championships may be limited, its story is one of passionate fans, historic moments, and a unique identity carved through decades of gridiron battles.

The seeds were sown in 1881, with a fledgling team fueled by student enthusiasm. Early years were a rollercoaster of wins and losses, marked by coaching changes and rivalries that still simmer today. Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant in the 1940s and early 1950s brought the first glimmers of national prominence, with bowl victories and top-10 rankings. Then came the iconic 1950 season, where Kentucky upset top-ranked Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl and claimed the elusive national championship (though not officially recognized by all selectors).

However, the following decades proved challenging. Consistency eluded the Wildcats, though flashes of brilliance, like Tim Couch's Heisman Trophy bid in 1998, kept hope alive. Enter Mark Stoops in 2013, a coach who understood the team's DNA and the passionate fan base. He instilled discipline and toughness, building a program known for its relentless defense and "Big Blue Nation" support.

Stoops' arrival marked a new era. 2014 saw Kentucky's first bowl win in a decade, and the victories kept piling up. The Wildcats won the SEC East in 2018, a feat not accomplished since 1976, and followed it up with appearances in the Citrus Bowl and Gator Bowl. The "Air Raid" offense added explosiveness, with Lynn Bowden and Wan'Dale Robinson lighting up scoreboards.

2022 was a season for the ages. Led by quarterback Will Levis and a fierce defense, Kentucky challenged for the SEC East title, defeating powerhouses like Florida and LSU. Though they fell short in the final stretch, the season served as a testament to the program's progress and instilled a belief that national contention is within reach.

Deep in the heart of Missouri, where rolling hills meet the mighty Mississippi, roars a team steeped in tradition and a hunger for gridiron glory. This is the tale of the Missouri Tigers, a football program woven from resilience, innovation, and an unwavering love for the black and gold.

Our story begins in 1890, with a ragtag group of students taking to the field under the moniker "Missouri Tigers." The early years were scrappy, marked by muddy fields and leather helmets. Yet, a spark of greatness flickered, nurtured by coaches like Frank C. ("Honest John") Yost and Walter Camp, who laid the foundation for a program that would eventually roar.

The 1930s saw the rise of Don Faurot, a revolutionary coach who introduced the Single Wing offense, a deceptive and potent attack that swept through defenses like a Missouri twister. With stars like Harry Ice and Paul Christman, the Tigers captured their first two conference championships in 1939 and 1941, etching their names in gridiron history.

Following Faurot's legacy, Dan Devine arrived in the 1960s and transformed the Tigers into national contenders. With the "I-Formation" offense and future NFL Hall of Famers like Roger Wallace and Johnny Roland, Missouri reached its first-ever bowl game (the 1968 Orange Bowl) and became a force to be reckoned with on the national stage.

The 1970s and 80s brought a period of highs and lows. Fran Tarkenton led the Tigers to a share of the Big Eight title in 1975, while Warren Moore became the program's first Heisman Trophy finalist in 1981. However, inconsistency plagued the program, leaving fans yearning for sustained success.

The 2000s saw Barry Odom usher in a new era. With a blend of offensive dynamism and stout defense, Missouri captured back-to-back Big 12 Championships in 2007 and 2008, marking the program's return to national prominence. Players like Chase Daniel and Jeremy Maclin became household names, and "Mizzou" fever swept across the state.

Today, under head coach Eli Drinkwitz, the Tigers continue to fight for their stripes. The program faces new challenges in the ever-evolving landscape of college football, but the spirit of resilience and innovation that forged the Tigers' past burns bright. The roar of Memorial Stadium still echoes with the cheers of generations past, reminding players and fans alike that Mizzou football is more than just a game; it's a shared identity, a testament to the grit and determination that runs deep in the veins of Missouri.

---

From humble beginnings in Athens to a pair of back-to-back national championships, Georgia Bulldogs football has woven a rich tapestry of triumphs, upsets, and tenacious spirit. Here's a glimpse into their gridiron odyssey:


Early Days (1892-1929):


-1892 marked the start with a victory over Mercer, setting the stage for the South's oldest rivalry with Auburn.

-Early years saw inconsistent records and frequent coaching changes, but the foundation for tradition was laid.

-1927 brought the program's first national championship claim, solidifying Georgia's place in college football history.


Golden Era (1930-1963):

-Legends like Frank Sinkwich and Charley Trippi graced the sidelines, leading the Bulldogs to three more national titles (1942, 1946, 1968).

-The "Sinkwich era" saw the invention of the "I-formation" offense, forever changing the game and showcasing Georgia's offensive ingenuity.

-This period solidified Georgia as a national powerhouse, drawing top recruits and generating devoted fans.


Ups and Downs (1964-2020):

-Despite occasional SEC titles and Heisman Trophy winners like Herschel Walker, the program faced inconsistent performances in the latter half of the 20th century.

-Rivalries with Florida and Auburn intensified, with thrilling victories and agonizing defeats becoming part of the Bulldogs' identity.

-Coaches like Vince Dooley and Jim Donnan left their mark, but a 41-year national championship drought tested the faith of even the most loyal Dawgs.


Modern Renaissance (2021-Present):


-Kirby Smart's arrival in 2016 marked a turning point, instilling a culture of discipline and excellence.

-After years of near misses, the Bulldogs finally broke the championship drought in 2021, defeating Alabama in the CFP National Championship Game.

-The 2022 season saw another dominant performance, culminating in a second consecutive national title, solidifying Georgia's return to the pinnacle of college football.

---

The Arizona Wildcats football program, nestled in the heart of the Sonoran Desert, boasts a long and intriguing history. While not always boasting national championships, their journey is packed with moments of triumph, rivalry, and the unyielding spirit of the Wildcat faithful. Let's take a trek through their gridiron odyssey:


Early Days and Identity Formation (1899-1940s):

-The program started in 1899, initially known as the "Varsity," before adopting the iconic "Wildcats" nickname in 1914.

-These early years were marked by inconsistency and regional rivalries, with glimpses of promise but no sustained success.


The Desert Swarm Defense and National Recognition (1950s-1990s):

-Under legendary coach Dick Tomey in the 1980s and 90s, the Wildcats rose to national prominence. The "Desert Swarm" defense, a ferocious and innovative unit, led them to multiple conference championships and Rose Bowl appearances.

-Players like Pat Tillman and Chris Spielman became household names, showcasing the program's ability to develop elite talent.


Challenges and Transition (2000s-Present):

-Following the Tomey era, the program faced struggles, cycling through coaches and failing to replicate the previous decade's success.

-However, recent years have shown signs of revival. Coach Jedd Fisch, hired in 2020, has brought renewed optimism and a commitment to offensive innovation.